濕式氧化法脫硫在生產(chǎn)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)堵塔的現(xiàn)象。
Tower blockage often occurs in wet oxidation desulfurization.
可以說(shuō)自濕式氧化法脫硫在生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用以來(lái)，堵塔現(xiàn)象一直伴隨其中，雖然隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，許多新型脫硫催化劑已經(jīng)具備清塔洗堵的能力，使堵塔現(xiàn)象減少，但由于企業(yè)的工況、操作和管理等原因，使堵塔現(xiàn)象仍然是行業(yè)脫硫目前普遍關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。多年來(lái)我們經(jīng)過(guò)走訪、調(diào)研并加以總結(jié)找出其形成的原因，主要有以下幾個(gè)方面：
It can be said that the tower blocking phenomenon has been accompanied since the application of wet oxidation desulfurization in production. Although with the rapid development of science and technology, many new desulfurization catalysts have the ability to clean the tower and reduce the tower blocking phenomenon, the tower blocking phenomenon is still the focus of general attention in the desulfurization industry due to the working conditions, operation and management of enterprises. Over the years, we have visited, investigated and summarized to find out the reasons for its formation, mainly in the following aspects:
1、進(jìn)脫硫塔的氣體成分不好，雜質(zhì)含量較多（如粉煤灰、煤焦油及其它固體顆粒等）。這種現(xiàn)象主要是前工段水洗塔及靜電除焦運(yùn)行不正常造成的。
1. The gas entering the desulfurization tower has poor composition and high impurity content (such as fly ash, coal tar and other solid particles). This phenomenon is mainly caused by the abnormal operation of the water washing tower and electrostatic coke removal in the front section.
2.填料塔在脫硫反應(yīng)過(guò)程時(shí)，同時(shí)也伴隨著氧化再生析硫過(guò)程，析出的硫過(guò)多（特別是入口H2S含量較高時(shí)），不能及時(shí)隨脫硫液帶出脫硫塔，會(huì)在填料表面粘結(jié)，導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)局部堵塞，偏流，嚴(yán)重時(shí)形成堵塔。
2. The desulfurization reaction process of the packed tower is also accompanied by the oxidation regeneration sulfur precipitation process. Too much sulfur is precipitated (especially when the inlet H2S content is high), which cannot be brought out of the desulfurization tower with the desulfurization liquid in time, which will bond on the surface of the packing, resulting in local blockage, bias flow and tower blockage in serious cases.
3、脫硫塔噴淋密度不夠。一般要求在35-50m3/m2.h。較低的噴淋密度不僅會(huì)使塔內(nèi)填料形成干區(qū)造成硫堵而且會(huì)大大降低脫硫塔的凈化度。特別對(duì)于直徑較大的塔一定要保證足夠的貧液量，當(dāng)遇到減機(jī)減量或入口H2S較低時(shí)，切不可盲目降低循環(huán)量。此時(shí)為了降低消耗可采取降低溶液組分的辦法來(lái)達(dá)到目的。
3. The spray density of desulfurization tower is not enough. The general requirement is 35-50m3 / m2 h。 The lower spray density will not only form a dry area of the packing in the tower, resulting in sulfur blockage, but also greatly reduce the purification degree of the desulfurization tower. Especially for the tower with large diameter, sufficient lean liquid volume must be ensured. When the unit is reduced or the inlet H2S is low, the circulation volume must not be reduced blindly. At this time, in order to reduce consumption, the method of reducing solution components can be adopted to achieve the purpose.
4、再生空氣量不夠（一般要求在60-100m3/m2.h），或再生設(shè)備不配套。這種現(xiàn)象必然造成再生槽內(nèi)硫泡沫浮選困難，使貧液中懸浮硫較高，若長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)行很容易形成塔堵。
4. The amount of regeneration air is insufficient (generally 60-100m3 / m2. H), or the regeneration equipment is not matched. This phenomenon will inevitably cause the flotation of sulfur foam in regenerative tank difficult, so that the suspended sulfur in the poor liquid is higher, and if long time operation is easy to form tower plugging.
5、脫硫塔的設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)本身有問(wèn)題，如填料選擇不當(dāng)或塔的液體分布器、再布器結(jié)構(gòu)或安裝不合理。這種現(xiàn)象很容易使溶液偏流或分布槽本身積硫而造成塔堵。
5. There are problems in the equipment structure of the desulfurization tower, such as improper selection of filler or unreasonable structure or installation of liquid distributor and redistributor of the tower. This phenomenon is easy to make the solution bias flow or sulfur accumulation in the distribution tank itself, resulting in tower blockage.
6、副反應(yīng)物生成的各種鹽類(lèi)物質(zhì)濃度高，溫度低時(shí)析出來(lái)堵塔。在正常工況下，特別對(duì)于管理比較好的廠家（現(xiàn)場(chǎng)沒(méi)有什么跑、冒、滴、漏），脫硫液中富鹽的增加是可以理解的。因?yàn)槊摿蛞涸谖誋2S的反應(yīng)過(guò)程中，同時(shí)伴隨副反應(yīng)的發(fā)生，這是不可避免的，這樣溶液在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間循環(huán)必然造成副鹽量的積累。雖然在熔硫時(shí)帶走一部分，但它的量比生成的量小的多。因此，我們相關(guān)企業(yè)應(yīng)該正確對(duì)待溶液中副鹽的含量，當(dāng)其增加時(shí)，要及時(shí)采取措施以防鹽堵。至于多少含量為超標(biāo)，各企業(yè)因工況不一樣，具體指標(biāo)有所不同。我們一般認(rèn)為副鹽總量不要超過(guò)250g/l。
6. When the concentration of various salts generated by the side reactants is high and the temperature is low, they will separate out and block the tower. Under normal working conditions, especially for manufacturers with good management (there is no running, emitting, dripping and leakage on site), the increase of rich salt in desulfurization liquid is understandable. It is inevitable that the desulfurization solution will be accompanied by side reactions in the reaction process of absorbing H2S. In this way, the long-term circulation of the solution in the system will inevitably lead to the accumulation of by-salt. Although some sulfur is taken away during melting, its amount is much smaller than that generated. Therefore, our relevant enterprises should correctly treat the content of by-salt in the solution. When it increases, we should take timely measures to prevent salt blockage. As for how much content exceeds the standard, each enterprise has different specific indicators due to different working conditions. We generally believe that the total amount of by-salt should not exceed 250G / L.
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